Research Review – Cognitive and Adaptive Skills in Toddlers Who Meet Criteria for Autism in DSM-IV but not DSM-5
Article:
Jashar, D., Brennan, L., Barton, M., & Fein, D. (2016). Cognitive and Adaptive Skills in Toddlers Who Meet Criteria for Autism in DSM-IV but not DSM-5. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 46(12), 3667–3677. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2901-7
Description:
The researchers compared diagnostic criteria for ASD between DSM-IV-TR and DSM 5. Researchers claimed that DSM 5 has a more stringent rule for diagnosis. As such, individuals qualified for an ASD diagnosis from the DSM-IV may not be still eligible by the standards of DSM-5. DSM-IV group showed better adaptive (Communication and Socialization) and cognitive (Express and Receptive language) skills. The new system in DSM-5 may impact the service eligibility of these individuals.
Note:
When conceptualize ASD using DSM-IV-TR, authors still used ASD= AD + Asperger+ PDD-NOS. In the study, authors’ DSM-IV only group may only contain PDD-NOS (which is the decisive difference between DSM-IV and DSM5 as DSM5 may be too stringent and PDD-NOS no longer qualify for the ASD diagnosis). As such, this group has less ASD symptoms compared to other group such as Autistic Disorder. While the worries that this group will be facing challenges accessing services are valid, the use of the term “ASD” for DSM-IV-TR group may be confusing.
Assessments:
- Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
- Mullen Scales of Early Learning
- The Childhood Autism Rating Scale
- Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)
- Autism Diagnostic Interview (ADI)